Approximate gauge independence of the induced gravitational wave spectrum
نویسندگان
چکیده
Gravitational waves (GWs) induced by scalar curvature fluctuations are an important source of the cosmological GW background and a crucial counterpart primordial black hole scenario. However, doubts have been cast on theoretically predicted spectrum due to its seeming gauge dependence. In this paper, we shed light dependence issue in general backgrounds. First, inspired Hamiltonian formalism provide very simple formulas for tensor modes at second order perturbation theory. We also emphasize difference between observable invariant variables. Second, argue that Newton (or shear-free) is suitable both calculation GWs physical interpretation. then show that, most notably, under set reasonable transformations, i.e. physically well behaved small scales, once term has become inactive. This includes commonly used flat, constant Hubble synchronous gauges but excludes comoving slicing gauge. particular solution equation dust dominated universe while active can be gauged away change
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Physical review
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['0556-2813', '1538-4497', '1089-490X']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.103.063531